What are The Different Type of Welding Machines

What are the different type of welding machines? Welding is a method of joining and separating metals through an electric current and basis on the formation of an arc between the processing area. In this case, the first electrode, and the second electrode connects the corresponding pole of the electric current, which is supplied to the handle area.

This method uses to connect parts, separate metals or cut them, drill and make cavities and holes, and weld layers.

Content:

· Electric arc
· Welding of metals
· Inverters: pros and cons
· Welding transformers
· Rectifiers of the welding
· Semi-automatic machines: characteristics
· The choice of the model

This method is used to connect parts, separate metals or cut them, drill and make cavities and holes, and weld layers.

In this case, arc welding uses widely, because thanks to this technology. Moreover, it is possible to make an integral connection between metal parts, and the strength of the seam is the same as that of the solid material. Similarly, this circumstance is due to the continuity of the formed structures and the molecular bonds between the parts.

Electric arc:

The device of the welding aperture a temperature of thousands of degrees Celsius provides an electric arc, which is essentially a short circuit between two electrodes located close enough to each other. In this case, the voltage applies to the electrodes increases until there is a breakdown of the air that is the insulator.
Breakdown: The emission of cathode electrons. Yet the electrons heat the current exit and directs to the ionized atoms of the anode.
Then there is a discharge, the air of the gap is ionized, plasma is formed, and the resistance of the air layer decreases, the current increases, the arc warms up, and becoming a conductor closes the circuit.
In this case, the process was called" ignition " of the arc. Besides, the arc stabilizes the setting of the required distance between the electrodes and maintains the power supply characteristics.

Welding of metals:

The choice of a good electrode and welding method is extremely important since it depends on whether its mechanical properties will be similar to those of the base metal.
In this case, the weld pool must be protected from exposure to air to avoid oxidation of the metal. For this purpose, a special environment creates in the work area, which is achieved in two ways:
MIG-MAG technology, when argon, helium, or CO2 is possible to supply from a special cylinder. Burning of the electrode coating and the formation of a protective slag or slag-gas "dome"

How to choose a welding machine:

In the process of Gorenje electrode coatings bind and remove oxygen from the seam. The substances contained in them help to ionize the arc and refine and alloy the seam metal.

In terms of the stability of the power supply, welding is a rather capricious process, because the required temperature regime is directly dependent on the current parameters.

Similarly, the stability of the electric arc must be ensured. Similarly, a stable arc will prevent the appearance of seam defects, especially during ignition and damping.

In this case, the more massive the parts to be welded, the deeper the melting must be, the larger the diameter of the electrode used, and the more force and power required to work.

The operator can often determine the current strength only by experience, sometimes it’s regulated during the welding process, and sometimes it is rigidly fixed. Gorenje arc from a DC source is more stable, without interruptions.

When using direct current, there is no polarity, fewer metal forms, and the seam obtains better. Alternating current welding is somewhat more difficult because to maintain the arc, the worker must have serious skills, high-quality welding in this case is difficult to achieve. It recommends cooking aluminum and its alloys with alternating current.
Different types of welding machines have different technical features, pros, and cons.

Inverters: pros and cons:

Welding machine types of devices. Yet these are the youngest welding machines, their mass production was established only in the 1980s. Rectifiers with a transistor inverter.

In these sources, electricity changes its characteristics many times. When the current passes through the semiconductor, it is rectified, and then a special filter smoothes it.

The constant of the standard network frequency of 50 Hz is converted to the variable again, but with a frequency of tens of kilohertz. After the frequency inversion, the current goes to the miniature transformer, where its voltage decreases and the power increases.

Then the high-frequency filter and rectifier begin to perform their work — direct current is possible to apply to the electrodes to form an arc.
Increasing the current frequency is the main achievement of the inverter.

The advantages also include:

· In the principle of operation of welding apparatuses is a high efficiency (85-95%).
· But the ability to power from a regular outlet.
· The long period of continuous operation.
· Wide range of current values.
· Smooth adjustment of current and voltage.
· The operating mode is controlled by microprocessors and control circuits.
· Protection against voltage surges.
· High-quality welded seam.
· Has higher ability to connect materials that are difficult to weld.
· Increased electrical safety.

Disadvantages of inverters:

· High cost.
· Poor reaction to the penetration of dust into the housing.
· The electronics are sensitive to moisture and cold, which can lead to condensation.
· Probability of interference in the main network.

Welding transformers:

How to choose a welding machine today, these are the most common welding machines, relatively inexpensive and simple in design, and reliable.
The conversion of electricity carries out by a power transformer of the standard frequency of 50 Hz.
In this case, the primary winding power from the mains, the core mechanics, and an alternating current of lower voltage (50-90 V) and greater force (100-200 A) induce the secondary winding, forming an arc. Moreover, the fewer turns on the secondary coils, the lower the voltage and the greater the current.

Dignities:

· Low cost (two to three times cheaper than inverters).
· The simplicity of the design.

Disadvantages:

· Large weight and dimensions.
· Due to the alternating current, it is difficult to get a high-quality seam.
· The difficulty of holding the arc.
· Relatively low efficiency (no more than 80%).
· Enable to connect to the intra-house network.

Welding Rectifiers:

In this case, the inverter welding network current in these devices does not change the frequency and is induced on the wingdings with a voltage drop.
After the conversion, it passes through another block of selenium or silicon rectifiers.

Moreover, a direct current flows to the electrodes. Thanks to this, the electric arc is very stable, without significant interruptions and jumps.

In most cases, fan cooling requires. Often, the devices have additional chokes to improve the characteristics of the outgoing current, which is smoothed and filtered.
Complete with rectifiers can be protective, measuring, and start-up equipment. Here, the stability of temperature and current is important, so wind relays, thermostats, fuses, and automatic machines install. In this case, three-phase rectifiers are the most common.

Advantages of welding rectifiers:

· High-quality seam.
· Ease of maintaining the arc.
· Minimal spatter of the additive material.
· Large melting depth.
· Smaller dimensions and weight in comparison with AC transformers.
· Possibility of welding cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and heat-resistant steel.

Disadvantages:

· Need for careful monitoring of the state of the cooling system.
· Has absence in most cases of the possibility of power supply from the household network.
· Efficiency is less than that of an inverter.
· A relatively complex design.

Semi-automatic machines:

The welding wire feeds a special mechanism to the working area, where it melts in the active gas and sent to the welding bath. In this case, the gas displaces the air near the weld pool and protects the seam from oxygen.With the use of flux wire, the gas can not supply to the working area.

Positive:

· Easy welding of sheet metal parts.
· The quality of the seam, the possibility of obtaining a " short seam"
· High performance.
· Wide range of settings and adjustments.

Cons:

· The price is high.
· High cost of consumables.
· It is necessary to use cylinders or connect to a special network.

The choice of the model:

In this case, the power of the welding machine is the main voltage. It can be one or three-phase. For non-industrial applications, we recommend a 220 V device or a universal machine "220/380".
Most machines can fail or stop cooking due to power surges.  Similarly in household units, the range is wider by 10-15%, and professional models need a voltage of 165-270 V.
No-load voltage. Similarly, the characteristic determines the ability of the device to ignite an electric arc and maintain its Gorenje. For the arc, the voltage will be approximately 1.5-2.5 times the voltage of the stable Gorenje electric arc.

Power:

The data sheets often indicate the maximum power of the welding machine's power supply, corresponding to the maximum network loads.

If the unit of measurement is kW, it means that it refers to the active power, and if kVA – to the total power, which is usually higher due to the correction factor.

The actual power determines the current that the device can give out. Protection class: In this case, the passport must contain a 2-digit I. P. code. Similarly, the index of the average welding power supplies is IP21-IP23.

The deuce says that objects with a thickness of more than 12 mm will not penetrate inside the case. Similarly, the second number indicates protection from moisture-1-means that water drops falling vertically on the casing will not cause harm; 3 means that even at an angle of 60°, water will not penetrate the body of the device.

Patriot welding machine Temperature range:

According to GOST, manual welding can  carryout at a temperature of-40-40 ° C.

Most often, problems occur with inverters, in which, at subzero temperatures, the overload indicator simply lights up, and the welding machine turns off.

Operation from the generator:

This function is useful for working in the field. Not all devices can provide power household generators with internal combustion engines.
Many power sources make it easier to hold the arc: "Anti-sticking on shutdown", "hot start", "Forcing the arc", "Ignition on the rise".

Conclusion:

What are the different type of welding machines? In this case, welding machines of different types and uses in different ways.

Moreover, it is useful to pay attention to the indication of parameters, functionality, breadth of working adjustments, overload protection, marking quality, electrical safety, completeness, ergonomics, and maintainability.